Challenging Personality Changes are Associated with Dementia

We know a person changes in a number of ways when coping with Alzheimer’s or another dementia-related disease. Memory problems and confusion are some of the most commonly known symptoms, but there are other behaviors just as common that can be unsettlingly and disruptive. The Medical News Today reports on the various behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia known as BPSDs.

Research suggests as many as 97% of people with dementia have one or more of the following symptoms: agitation; anxiety; psychosis; depression, apathy, irritability and/or physical or verbal aggression. Agitation may include behaviors such as pacing, wandering, restlessness and fidgeting. Repetitive movements and sleep disturbances are also common. Understanding these changes and learning strategies to deal with them can result in better care for the patient and make it easier for caregivers to cope.

Doctors are not sure why dementia patients suffer from psychosis but suggest it could be due to interruptions and changes to neurotransmitters such as dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and serotonin. Along with these interferences to brain waves, many dementia patients also suffer from poor memory and impaired visuospatial abilities, which can confuse the person as to what is real and what isn’t.

Sleep disturbances can come in the form of hypersomnia with symptoms of reversed sleep-wake patterns and fragmented sleep. Another problem can be rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder. To help combat sleep disturbances, experts recommend limiting naps during the daytime and exposing the person to daylight (especially morning light) and getting physical exercise.

If you are a family caregiver, it is important to reach out and get help. The Alzheimer’s Association is a good resource for both information and support as is the person’s healthcare team.

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